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Tape Index of Oral History interview of Gladys Irene Bellinger Interviewer: Barbara L. Walker Three sessions during November 1988 in Moscow, Idaho Side 1 0 - 39 40 - 64 65 - 102 103 - 129 130 - 199 200 - 223 224 - 246 247 - 284 285 - 338 339 - 354 Description of birth and infancy. Had three month colic. (She would not say what year she was born. I estimate it was 1913 or 1914.) Born at home on a homestead near Oakley, Kansas. Description of sod house. Moved to a frame house. Birth of sister, Louis Waun-eta. Three-and-a-half year old Gladys gave Louis her middle name. Lived in Western Kansas until she was about six. Description of first year of school including an accident that kept her out of school for months. Moved to Eastern Kansas near Emporia around March. Story about William Allen White and family; daughter Mary White died at 16. Described this as her first experience with public-spirited people. Family was poor but took the Emporia Gazette anyway. Learned to read by looking at the ads, obituaries and funnies while parents read the other sections of the paper. Trips to Library in town. Learned to read from seed catalogs before she started school. Family worked hard but always took time at mealtime to talk, laugh and relax. Mother made tablecloths from bleached flour sacks. Always had flowers on the table. DESCRIPTION OF CHORES. Gathered eggs, watered and fed chickens, carried peelings and scraps to chickens, carried water for calves and pigs. In the spring had to dip the heads of about 300 chicks in a potassium permanganate solution. Raised about 100 turkeys each year. Fed turkeys morning and evening, and a little at noon to keep them from wandering too far. When it rained, had to keep turkeys from piling up and smothering. Money from the turkeys went for winter clothes and Christmas. Money from eggs went for groceries and school books. Milked cows and sold cream. Had steers for selling. Dad and a neighbor took tuns raising a 355 - 379 380 - 385 386 - 409 410 - 459 460 - 464 465 - 483 484 - 514 515 - 539 540 - 564 steer so each family could have half a beef each winter. Raised and butchered hogs; made lard, sausage, smoked ham and shoulders. Also fished occasionally. Description of garden. Had 200 tomato plants; canned tomato juice, tomato sauce, etc. Tomato juice was important source of vitamin c. Canned beans, peas, corn. Sometimes canned chicken and beef. Canned watermelon pickles, cucumber pickles, peach pickles. Bought 10 bushels of apples for applesauce, baked apples, apple pies. Mother was excellent cook. Frequently baked hot breads for breakfast: biscuits, pancakes, or graham gems (type of muffin). Did chores before breakfast. Had hearty breakfast: in winter often had fried potatoes and hot bread, sometimes steak or bacon. Had a hearty noon meal (called dinner) and a light evening mean (supper). Especially in summertime made enough at noon so they wouldn't have to cook at supper time. Sometimes could not afford ice so hung things in the well to keep them cool (butter, milk, cream, pudding). Mother always read to children, especially animal stories and poetry. Description of pets. Story of her dog Buster's death and the death of a lamb given to her by some sheep herders. Wasn't allowed to go to funerals. Church and Sunday School. Loved going to get attention. Story of missing church when they moved and telling her mother "I want to go and shake hands with people." Neighbors were far away so did not get to see people much. Mother baked four loaves of bread, a pan of rolls and a pan of cinnamon rolls each week. Story of how she embarrassed her mother at a neighbor's house by asking for a roll. Story of discouraging times and how mother and father coped. Mother made ice cream from hailstones after a terrible storm that caused them great loss. Dad later developed ulcers. Helped Dad in the fields because she had no brothers and her dad was ill. Helped run cultivator and hay rack, load and unload hay, shock wheat and chop cockleburs out of cornfield. 565 - 571 572 - 588 589 - 596 597 - 623 624 - 661 662 - 695 696 - 713 714 - 736 737 - 760 761 - 789 790 - 798 Dad would give them five cents a row (half-mile rows) for chopping cockleburs. On Saturday, would go to town. They liked to get licorice for a penny a stick. If they got five cents worth a little ring would come with it. COMMUNITY CELEBRATIONS AT SCHOOL. Pie Supper or Box Social in the fall. Young women would bring picnic suppers and young men would bid on them. Each brought around $2.50 to 3.50. The teacher's box would bring as much as $25. This money went to buy extra things for school. Oyster Stew in the Winter. Christmas Program. Tree, carols, treats. Teacher would give each child a sack with an orange, candy, nuts and chocolates. Story of a Christmas when Gladys had to speak a piece. Description of decorations on tree. Christmas at home. Hung stockings. One year they got a tricycle. Opened packages after breakfast dishes washed. Description of Thanksgiving feast. Last Day of School Dinner. Games, food. School was eight months long. Activities with father. Swimming, fishing. Birthday celebrations. Special foods. One year, when they were teen-agers, they had a slumber party. Ice Cream Social. School Board bought the ice. People brought freezers and cakes. Men and boys made ice cream. 799 - 821 4-H club and County fairs. Took jellies, cakes and cookies to the fairs to earn about $30. This money used for school tuition, etc. One year Gladys won jelly sweepstakes. Prize was 50 lb. sugar. 822 - 864 865 - 873 974 - end Games the children played. Read the Youth's Companion. Came once a month in the mail. Story of mischief. Knocked sister into puddle because she was jealous of how pretty she was. Side 2 0 - 33 34 - 68 69 - 102 103 - 123 124 - 152 153 - 167 168 - 187 188 - 266 267 - 276 277 - 331 Talks about her own looks and being big for her age. How she became interested in politics by listening to her parents and a neighbor have long discussions. High School. Went to Emporia High School 15 miles away from home. Lived with Great Auntie. Had a bedroom and a room in the basement for cooking. Went home on weekends. Brought bread, butter and canned things from home. Description of entertainment. Singers, plays. Changes in household when Great Aunt died. Her married daughter would come from town to do the cooking and cleaning. Sons were working in fields. Gladys' activities in high school. Girl Reserves, Scholarship Contest (won State honors), National Honor Society, enjoyed writing. Banquet. Description of first long dress. Graduation. 407 or 427 in graduating class. Went on to Kansas State Teacher's College in Emporia. Went there because it was what they could afford. Attended two years and received a Life Certificate with special training in Junior High teaching. Taught two years in the country to earn money to continue school. Description of duties as teacher. Had 15 children in all eight grades. Made $90 per month the first year and $105 per month the second year (see side 2 #398-414). Rode horseback four and a half miles to and from school (lived at parents' home), arrived before eight a.m. Built fire, carried fuel and ashes, carried water, swept floor. Described best thing she did that year as providing hot lunch for the children. Had children help. She was so busy that the only chance she had to go to the (outdoor) toilet was when the kids sat down to eat. Description of the fall program (box supper). Another accomplishment during this time was providing a nice Christmas for the children. Carried everything from home on horseback. 332 - 384 385 - 397 398 - 414 415 - 455 456 - 501 502 - 504 505 - 561 562 - 584 585 - 602 603 - 639 640 - 665 666 - 706 707 - 752 Story of a boy, Archie, who misbehaved until he was getting hot lunches and how he helped Gladys years later when she had a car accident. Went to summer school while teaching. Graduated from college in three years. Major, minor. Depression had really hit so she could not get a high school position. Taught at a small grade school. Pay was $75 per month. Had to board; paid $12 per week for room and board. Went home on weekends. Found a high school position second semester in Hanover, Kansas. Description of her work load there. Roomed with another teacher. They ate out at a cafe for dinners and boarded for breakfast and lunch. Story of the town basketball team playing a black team from New York (Harlem Globetrotters?). The manager of the local cafe would not serve them so the people from the community church she attended put together a big meal for them. Taught in Hanover three years. Worked for Farmers Home Administration as a Home Management Supervisor. Worked with low income farm families. Description of work: taught women to grow chickens, garden, can, bake bread. Always tried to compliment something in each home. Didn't sit on upholstery to avoid bed bugs. Extra things she did for these poor women: bought things they made, gave them seeds. Worked at this for three years. Volunteered to be a Navy WAVE. Basic training in Northampton, Mass. Description of uniforms. Sent to Corpus Christi, Texas to study at a radio radar school. Trained four months in secret compound on Whort Island. Sent to Alameda, Calif. (near San Francisco). First job was as a personnel officer for Radar Division of Assembly and Repair Plant. About 150 people. Description of job. Highlight while there was providing a Christmas Party for the sailors. Story of preparation for the party. 753 - 769 770 - 815 816 - 854 855 - end Side 3 0 - 52 53 - 103 104 - 135 136 - 155 156 - 217 218 - 279 280 - 338 339 - 351 Next assignment was helping with special programs: bond drives and blood drives. Served on inventory board. Description of this monthly job and story of sailors' mischief. Description of recreational activities with her friends. She and two WAVES and an officer and his wife had a car among them. They took trips on weekends. Story of Christmas her father died. Much detail about trip home. She helped make sandwiches and serve all the men while stuck in an Arizona air base. Talk about how hard her dad's death was on the family. Trip back to San Francisco. The next summer, the war was over. Description of the celebration in San Francisco. So much vandalism everyone was restricted to base for three or four days. Next assignment was with Navy Relief Office as a caseworker. Spent over a year processing people out of the Navy. Went to summer school at Berkeley as a transition when she got out of the Navy. Went back to job at Farmers Home Administration for a year. Didn't enjoy it so decided to go back to school. Went to graduate school at Cornell on GI bill. Drove car from Kansas to Ithica by herself. Lived in a graduate house with about 15 other women (3 were black). Story about roommate. Description of Gladys' major. Describes as one of the most stimulating experiences of her life. Description of fun times she had with her housemates. Received summer Research Grant. Received Anna Cora Smith scholarship. Earned her Master's degree in one year. Stayed to work on doctorate. Description of research on pre-school children. Took two more years to get Ph.D. Had become engaged. "Friend" died of heart attack (age 42). [not on tape: They had sort of eloped 352 - 358 359 - 385 386 - 360 361 - 387 588 - 599 600 - 605 606 - 614 615 - 694 695 - end Side 4 0 - 99 100 - 157 because their parents didn't really want them to get married. They had been married for three months before he died.] This was the chief reason she decided to get her Doctorate. When visiting the West while in the Navy, she decided she wanted to come back and live in the West. Didn't get there till later. Taught at Kansas State University in the College of Home Economics. Talked about some things she did outside of work with friends. Visit to Alaska during the summer. Very much detail about this trip. Worked nine summers at Alaska Fine Arts Camp. Was brought up Quaker. Loved Katzebue. Details about this village. Next job was at University of Minnesota - St. Paul. Description of things she did for fun. In 1960, She came to the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho to become the head of the Home Economics Department. Spent eight years as Administrator, then was burnt out so she decided to go back to just teaching. Decided to stay here upon retirement instead of going back to Kansas. Likes the Palouse. Hobby is travel. Answer to question: where were parents from and what was their ethnic group? Description of family back to great great great great grandparents. Great grandfathers in Civil War. Grandparents migrated to Lane, Kansas. She was very close with her grandfather (Napoleon Bonaparte Stainer). Stories about maternal grandparents. Paternal great grandfather in Civil War also. After war, homesteaded in Ottumwa, Kansas. 158 - 180 Mother taught school in town. Went to summer school at Emporia (Kansas State Normal School). 181 - 208 Story of father's family. Story of how parents met. 209 - 239 240 - 304 305 - 357 358 - 404 405 - 533 534 - 560 561 - 599 600 - 624 625 - 644 Her mother taught five years then married. Had 53 students (3 black). Stories from classroom. Parents married and took up a claim near Oakley, Kansas. Story of how dad and other farmers helped each other. More details about homestead life. People were far apart but very friendly and helped each other when in need. Answer to question on childbirth. Mother had not planned to keep on teaching after marriage but was only one in area qualified to teach. Gladys born five and a half years after their marriage. Mother had had a baby boy who was either stillborn or died soon after birth. Women helped each other at childbirth time. Doctor would come from town. Talk about community spirit. Answer to question about how the suffrage movement affected her mother's life. Grandmother outspoken about it. Susan B. Anthony's campaign through Kansas. Grandmother able to vote once before she died. Mother always voted. Answer to question on how the women's movement of the 60's and 70's affected her life. Heard Betty Friedan speak. In 1959, she developed a course at Univ. of Minn. for upperclass and graduate students. The class was in seminar format. Student read works of women writers of the women's movement and discussed. At Univ. of Idaho, she taught a class for senior women. She invited women of the community and state to talk to the students. Answer to question on how growing up Quaker affected her decision to become a WAVE. Story about how father valued education and sacrificed a lot for them to go to college. about how her mother encouraged her to be independent. parents Story Answer to question on dating and courtship. Did not date much. The man she married helped her become self-confident and appreciate her good qualities. How she feels about life now. "I'd like to live another hundred years."
Object Description
Rating | |
Title | Bellinger, Gladys Irene Oral History Interview, 1988 |
Interviewer | Walker, Barbara L. |
Date | 1988-12-14 |
Description | 120 minute oral history with Gladys Irene Bellinger, conducted for a Women in the West (HST 398) course at Washington State University. Farm life with her family was hard - a lot of chores but satisfying. She attended college, obtaining a teaching certificate, and worked in many schools teaching children and women from low income families. She had many teaching opportunities thoughout her life. She volunteered for the Navy WAVE for World War II and for a couple years after the war was over; she discusses the uniform, what activities she planed, what tasks she learned, and where she was stationed. |
Subject | Teachers; Farm life; Military organizations |
Coverage | North and Central America--United States--Kansas--Lyon County--Emporia; North and Central America--United States--California--Alameda County--Alameda; North and Central America--United States--Idaho--Latah County--Moscow |
Type | Sound |
Genre | Interviews |
Publisher | Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University Libraries: https://libraries.wsu.edu/masc |
Rights | http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
Rights Notes | In copyright. Item is in copyright until 95 years after 2011 publication date. |
Identifier | ua220b03f14 |
Source | Is found in Archives 220, Women in the West Oral Histories https://libraries.wsu.edu/masc/finders/ua220.htm at Washington State University Libraries' Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections (MASC) https://libraries.wsu.edu/masc |
Holding Institution | Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University Libraries |
Contributors | Digitization and description funded through a National Endowment for the Humanities We the People grant for Washington Womens History to the Washington Womens History Consortium, a part of the Washington State Historical Society. |
Language | English |
Digitization | Original audio cassettes were converted to wav files using Audacity and a USBPre interface. Mp3 files were then created from the wav files for online access. Film clips were created as mpeg-4 files using Adobe Premiere Elements 9 to add selected images to the wav audio files, and then converted to flv files for online display. Print documents were scanned to 300dpi pdf format using a Xerox Workcentre 5030 copier/scanner. |
Description
Title | ua220b03f14_Abstract |
Full Text | Tape Index of Oral History interview of Gladys Irene Bellinger Interviewer: Barbara L. Walker Three sessions during November 1988 in Moscow, Idaho Side 1 0 - 39 40 - 64 65 - 102 103 - 129 130 - 199 200 - 223 224 - 246 247 - 284 285 - 338 339 - 354 Description of birth and infancy. Had three month colic. (She would not say what year she was born. I estimate it was 1913 or 1914.) Born at home on a homestead near Oakley, Kansas. Description of sod house. Moved to a frame house. Birth of sister, Louis Waun-eta. Three-and-a-half year old Gladys gave Louis her middle name. Lived in Western Kansas until she was about six. Description of first year of school including an accident that kept her out of school for months. Moved to Eastern Kansas near Emporia around March. Story about William Allen White and family; daughter Mary White died at 16. Described this as her first experience with public-spirited people. Family was poor but took the Emporia Gazette anyway. Learned to read by looking at the ads, obituaries and funnies while parents read the other sections of the paper. Trips to Library in town. Learned to read from seed catalogs before she started school. Family worked hard but always took time at mealtime to talk, laugh and relax. Mother made tablecloths from bleached flour sacks. Always had flowers on the table. DESCRIPTION OF CHORES. Gathered eggs, watered and fed chickens, carried peelings and scraps to chickens, carried water for calves and pigs. In the spring had to dip the heads of about 300 chicks in a potassium permanganate solution. Raised about 100 turkeys each year. Fed turkeys morning and evening, and a little at noon to keep them from wandering too far. When it rained, had to keep turkeys from piling up and smothering. Money from the turkeys went for winter clothes and Christmas. Money from eggs went for groceries and school books. Milked cows and sold cream. Had steers for selling. Dad and a neighbor took tuns raising a 355 - 379 380 - 385 386 - 409 410 - 459 460 - 464 465 - 483 484 - 514 515 - 539 540 - 564 steer so each family could have half a beef each winter. Raised and butchered hogs; made lard, sausage, smoked ham and shoulders. Also fished occasionally. Description of garden. Had 200 tomato plants; canned tomato juice, tomato sauce, etc. Tomato juice was important source of vitamin c. Canned beans, peas, corn. Sometimes canned chicken and beef. Canned watermelon pickles, cucumber pickles, peach pickles. Bought 10 bushels of apples for applesauce, baked apples, apple pies. Mother was excellent cook. Frequently baked hot breads for breakfast: biscuits, pancakes, or graham gems (type of muffin). Did chores before breakfast. Had hearty breakfast: in winter often had fried potatoes and hot bread, sometimes steak or bacon. Had a hearty noon meal (called dinner) and a light evening mean (supper). Especially in summertime made enough at noon so they wouldn't have to cook at supper time. Sometimes could not afford ice so hung things in the well to keep them cool (butter, milk, cream, pudding). Mother always read to children, especially animal stories and poetry. Description of pets. Story of her dog Buster's death and the death of a lamb given to her by some sheep herders. Wasn't allowed to go to funerals. Church and Sunday School. Loved going to get attention. Story of missing church when they moved and telling her mother "I want to go and shake hands with people." Neighbors were far away so did not get to see people much. Mother baked four loaves of bread, a pan of rolls and a pan of cinnamon rolls each week. Story of how she embarrassed her mother at a neighbor's house by asking for a roll. Story of discouraging times and how mother and father coped. Mother made ice cream from hailstones after a terrible storm that caused them great loss. Dad later developed ulcers. Helped Dad in the fields because she had no brothers and her dad was ill. Helped run cultivator and hay rack, load and unload hay, shock wheat and chop cockleburs out of cornfield. 565 - 571 572 - 588 589 - 596 597 - 623 624 - 661 662 - 695 696 - 713 714 - 736 737 - 760 761 - 789 790 - 798 Dad would give them five cents a row (half-mile rows) for chopping cockleburs. On Saturday, would go to town. They liked to get licorice for a penny a stick. If they got five cents worth a little ring would come with it. COMMUNITY CELEBRATIONS AT SCHOOL. Pie Supper or Box Social in the fall. Young women would bring picnic suppers and young men would bid on them. Each brought around $2.50 to 3.50. The teacher's box would bring as much as $25. This money went to buy extra things for school. Oyster Stew in the Winter. Christmas Program. Tree, carols, treats. Teacher would give each child a sack with an orange, candy, nuts and chocolates. Story of a Christmas when Gladys had to speak a piece. Description of decorations on tree. Christmas at home. Hung stockings. One year they got a tricycle. Opened packages after breakfast dishes washed. Description of Thanksgiving feast. Last Day of School Dinner. Games, food. School was eight months long. Activities with father. Swimming, fishing. Birthday celebrations. Special foods. One year, when they were teen-agers, they had a slumber party. Ice Cream Social. School Board bought the ice. People brought freezers and cakes. Men and boys made ice cream. 799 - 821 4-H club and County fairs. Took jellies, cakes and cookies to the fairs to earn about $30. This money used for school tuition, etc. One year Gladys won jelly sweepstakes. Prize was 50 lb. sugar. 822 - 864 865 - 873 974 - end Games the children played. Read the Youth's Companion. Came once a month in the mail. Story of mischief. Knocked sister into puddle because she was jealous of how pretty she was. Side 2 0 - 33 34 - 68 69 - 102 103 - 123 124 - 152 153 - 167 168 - 187 188 - 266 267 - 276 277 - 331 Talks about her own looks and being big for her age. How she became interested in politics by listening to her parents and a neighbor have long discussions. High School. Went to Emporia High School 15 miles away from home. Lived with Great Auntie. Had a bedroom and a room in the basement for cooking. Went home on weekends. Brought bread, butter and canned things from home. Description of entertainment. Singers, plays. Changes in household when Great Aunt died. Her married daughter would come from town to do the cooking and cleaning. Sons were working in fields. Gladys' activities in high school. Girl Reserves, Scholarship Contest (won State honors), National Honor Society, enjoyed writing. Banquet. Description of first long dress. Graduation. 407 or 427 in graduating class. Went on to Kansas State Teacher's College in Emporia. Went there because it was what they could afford. Attended two years and received a Life Certificate with special training in Junior High teaching. Taught two years in the country to earn money to continue school. Description of duties as teacher. Had 15 children in all eight grades. Made $90 per month the first year and $105 per month the second year (see side 2 #398-414). Rode horseback four and a half miles to and from school (lived at parents' home), arrived before eight a.m. Built fire, carried fuel and ashes, carried water, swept floor. Described best thing she did that year as providing hot lunch for the children. Had children help. She was so busy that the only chance she had to go to the (outdoor) toilet was when the kids sat down to eat. Description of the fall program (box supper). Another accomplishment during this time was providing a nice Christmas for the children. Carried everything from home on horseback. 332 - 384 385 - 397 398 - 414 415 - 455 456 - 501 502 - 504 505 - 561 562 - 584 585 - 602 603 - 639 640 - 665 666 - 706 707 - 752 Story of a boy, Archie, who misbehaved until he was getting hot lunches and how he helped Gladys years later when she had a car accident. Went to summer school while teaching. Graduated from college in three years. Major, minor. Depression had really hit so she could not get a high school position. Taught at a small grade school. Pay was $75 per month. Had to board; paid $12 per week for room and board. Went home on weekends. Found a high school position second semester in Hanover, Kansas. Description of her work load there. Roomed with another teacher. They ate out at a cafe for dinners and boarded for breakfast and lunch. Story of the town basketball team playing a black team from New York (Harlem Globetrotters?). The manager of the local cafe would not serve them so the people from the community church she attended put together a big meal for them. Taught in Hanover three years. Worked for Farmers Home Administration as a Home Management Supervisor. Worked with low income farm families. Description of work: taught women to grow chickens, garden, can, bake bread. Always tried to compliment something in each home. Didn't sit on upholstery to avoid bed bugs. Extra things she did for these poor women: bought things they made, gave them seeds. Worked at this for three years. Volunteered to be a Navy WAVE. Basic training in Northampton, Mass. Description of uniforms. Sent to Corpus Christi, Texas to study at a radio radar school. Trained four months in secret compound on Whort Island. Sent to Alameda, Calif. (near San Francisco). First job was as a personnel officer for Radar Division of Assembly and Repair Plant. About 150 people. Description of job. Highlight while there was providing a Christmas Party for the sailors. Story of preparation for the party. 753 - 769 770 - 815 816 - 854 855 - end Side 3 0 - 52 53 - 103 104 - 135 136 - 155 156 - 217 218 - 279 280 - 338 339 - 351 Next assignment was helping with special programs: bond drives and blood drives. Served on inventory board. Description of this monthly job and story of sailors' mischief. Description of recreational activities with her friends. She and two WAVES and an officer and his wife had a car among them. They took trips on weekends. Story of Christmas her father died. Much detail about trip home. She helped make sandwiches and serve all the men while stuck in an Arizona air base. Talk about how hard her dad's death was on the family. Trip back to San Francisco. The next summer, the war was over. Description of the celebration in San Francisco. So much vandalism everyone was restricted to base for three or four days. Next assignment was with Navy Relief Office as a caseworker. Spent over a year processing people out of the Navy. Went to summer school at Berkeley as a transition when she got out of the Navy. Went back to job at Farmers Home Administration for a year. Didn't enjoy it so decided to go back to school. Went to graduate school at Cornell on GI bill. Drove car from Kansas to Ithica by herself. Lived in a graduate house with about 15 other women (3 were black). Story about roommate. Description of Gladys' major. Describes as one of the most stimulating experiences of her life. Description of fun times she had with her housemates. Received summer Research Grant. Received Anna Cora Smith scholarship. Earned her Master's degree in one year. Stayed to work on doctorate. Description of research on pre-school children. Took two more years to get Ph.D. Had become engaged. "Friend" died of heart attack (age 42). [not on tape: They had sort of eloped 352 - 358 359 - 385 386 - 360 361 - 387 588 - 599 600 - 605 606 - 614 615 - 694 695 - end Side 4 0 - 99 100 - 157 because their parents didn't really want them to get married. They had been married for three months before he died.] This was the chief reason she decided to get her Doctorate. When visiting the West while in the Navy, she decided she wanted to come back and live in the West. Didn't get there till later. Taught at Kansas State University in the College of Home Economics. Talked about some things she did outside of work with friends. Visit to Alaska during the summer. Very much detail about this trip. Worked nine summers at Alaska Fine Arts Camp. Was brought up Quaker. Loved Katzebue. Details about this village. Next job was at University of Minnesota - St. Paul. Description of things she did for fun. In 1960, She came to the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho to become the head of the Home Economics Department. Spent eight years as Administrator, then was burnt out so she decided to go back to just teaching. Decided to stay here upon retirement instead of going back to Kansas. Likes the Palouse. Hobby is travel. Answer to question: where were parents from and what was their ethnic group? Description of family back to great great great great grandparents. Great grandfathers in Civil War. Grandparents migrated to Lane, Kansas. She was very close with her grandfather (Napoleon Bonaparte Stainer). Stories about maternal grandparents. Paternal great grandfather in Civil War also. After war, homesteaded in Ottumwa, Kansas. 158 - 180 Mother taught school in town. Went to summer school at Emporia (Kansas State Normal School). 181 - 208 Story of father's family. Story of how parents met. 209 - 239 240 - 304 305 - 357 358 - 404 405 - 533 534 - 560 561 - 599 600 - 624 625 - 644 Her mother taught five years then married. Had 53 students (3 black). Stories from classroom. Parents married and took up a claim near Oakley, Kansas. Story of how dad and other farmers helped each other. More details about homestead life. People were far apart but very friendly and helped each other when in need. Answer to question on childbirth. Mother had not planned to keep on teaching after marriage but was only one in area qualified to teach. Gladys born five and a half years after their marriage. Mother had had a baby boy who was either stillborn or died soon after birth. Women helped each other at childbirth time. Doctor would come from town. Talk about community spirit. Answer to question about how the suffrage movement affected her mother's life. Grandmother outspoken about it. Susan B. Anthony's campaign through Kansas. Grandmother able to vote once before she died. Mother always voted. Answer to question on how the women's movement of the 60's and 70's affected her life. Heard Betty Friedan speak. In 1959, she developed a course at Univ. of Minn. for upperclass and graduate students. The class was in seminar format. Student read works of women writers of the women's movement and discussed. At Univ. of Idaho, she taught a class for senior women. She invited women of the community and state to talk to the students. Answer to question on how growing up Quaker affected her decision to become a WAVE. Story about how father valued education and sacrificed a lot for them to go to college. about how her mother encouraged her to be independent. parents Story Answer to question on dating and courtship. Did not date much. The man she married helped her become self-confident and appreciate her good qualities. How she feels about life now. "I'd like to live another hundred years." |
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