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Audrey Leonard Interview by Ashley B. Cooper Side I 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-5 5-7 1 /2 7 1/2-8 1/2 8 1 /2- 9 9-10 1/2 10 1/2- 12 12-13 Audrey states her name, date and location of her birth. She talks about her first move because the locust ate their strawberries. Her parents met in Fargo, N. Dakota while her mother worked at a dime store. Owning two homesteads, the family stayed in Fargo for quite a while. She states she has three brothers born in Fargo, three in Montana then the family moved to Opportunity, Washington and lived in a one bedroom shack. Being a carpenter, her father also raised chickens and strawberries. She told the story of how her father would go to Spokane to sell his goods. With nine children, her would have to take turns driving the kids. At the Carpenters Union, her contests for having the most he could hammer a fast nail. was poor but so was everyone stock market crash. dad would win kids and because Her family due to the Moved to Spokane. Dad sold vegetables for a profit. She left Montana and after Grant to Pullman, wa. rented them for when she was 2 years old Grade school, she moved Dad owned apartments and cheap to college students. Her mom was a great seamstress, therefore she had nice clothes. She attended school mostly with professor's and farmers kids. She dated a college guy who she met through local dances. He went to prom with her. After the dances she would get a coke for 10¢. Due to the minimal amount of cars, they would walk everywhere. Her family had a washer machine. Saturday 13-14 14-14 3/4 14 3/4-15 1/2 15 1/2-16 in 16-17 1/2 17 1/2-18 18-20 20-21 1/2 21 1/2-26 nights they would all take baths and they showed at school after gym class. She married a Moscow man. She tells the story of how she met him hitchhiking. After they began to date, they enjoyed roller skating. There was no danger of hitchhiking back then. Her parents were lenient although she did have a cerfew. Most of the kids she graduated with in high school went into the family farming business, although some went to college. She got married right after high school Spokane. She had a nice wedding in Spokane and the marriage license was $2.00 at that time. She told of her husbands parents occupations. She speaks of her family and what they did. From oldest to youngest she told their nicknames. The eldest boy "had the brains" and the rest married young. She went to church in the Spokane Valley with her brothers and sisters. Her mom was a hard worker. When she returned from church her mother would have killed two chickens for dinner. Audrey's grandmother was second in waiting to be the gueen's seamstress in England. She never saw her mother or father kill any animals. They were quite protective. Archy Campbell was the town policeman and her controlled the campus and the town. He was respected and therefore there was minimal, if any, drug or alcohol abuse. Her cerfew was 12;00 on week nights and 8:00 on week nights. She speaks of her high school teachers and principal. Joy Bell, her English teacher taught her many valuable things. At that time Pullman high school was rated third highest in the country. Told anecdote of how she was caught skipping school but because she knew the principal she was not suspended. The town was based on trust. At lunch, the kids all went home because 26-27 27-28 28-29 1/2 29 1/2-31 31-32 32-32 1/2 32 1/2-33 33-34 34-35 35-36 1/2 36 1/2-38 1/2 there was no cafeteria. The only peer pressure was for smoking cigarettes and she still smokes today. For work she babysat for cheap. After she finished, she would walk home at night even if it was at 1;00 in the morning. After they were married her and her husband Mert went to work for Montgomary Ward. She never worked because Mert wanted her to stay home with the kids. She had 2 kids after she married at age 18. She married not only because she loved Mert but for security as well. Few women worked and they couldn't work if they were pregnant. Ron, the oldest child born to Audrey, began first grade in Coeur de Alene. Other places the Leonard family lived included Kalispel, Missoula and San Diego. Audrey was 50 at her fathers death and 52 at her mothers. She still has a neice in Pullman. The location of her brother and sister today. They are still close today. Her family celebrated all holidays. Her mother loved the family to be all together. She told the story of how her mom and brother dressed up as Santa at Christmas. There was only one family that was other than white in Pullman. They were shipped to concentration camps during WWII because they were Japanese. It was quite conservative as it is today. On Saturday's her dad would take the kids to a movie where each kid would get to bring a neighbor. After the show they would go get a soda for 5¢. She told of the responsibilities held within the home. The girls helped with domestic activities and the boys helped with the work outside. Both parents delivered the discipline. Her last spanking was when 38 1/2-39 39-39 1/2 39 1/2-40 40-41 41-43 43-43 1/2 43 1/2-45 1/2 45 1/2-47 47-47 1/2 47 1/2-48 48-50 50-51 1/2 she sassed her morn. Her oldest brother was quite protective although he liked her husband-to-be. Mert helped her father with work too. Her husband Mert was a high school rivalry as far as sports were concerned. She played basketball for the first two years although she was still considered feminine. Her parents didn't want her to get married at such an early age. Her parents married when they were both 26. Most people were getting married at a young age. Her parents accepted it because Mert made more money than her father. The apartments they once owned are still here although the rent is tremendous. She told the location and who in her family runs them. She spoke of her parents work. Her morn considered cleaning her job. Her daily routine in high school was school, then would come horne and do chores and help morn with dinner. After dinner, her family listened to the radio before bed. Family was important to her mother and father. Although there was minimal sex education in the school system, the girls who slept around were perceived negatively. Most women saved themselves for marriage. She told story of one girl in her high school. She played no musical instruments in high school. Her mother played the piano and sang church hyrnes. She only wore dresses, nice dresses. If women weren't married they were considered old maids. Few, if any women had occupations. The men were expected to be married and have careers. If women did have careers they were either typists, beauticians or typists. Dad made Audrey a parlor. 51 1/2-53 1/2 53 1/2- 55 55-56 56-57 57-58 58-60 60-60 1/2 60 1/2-61 61-63 1/2 63 1/2-64 End Of Side I The Pullman community was small and tight knit. The merchants allowed her father to charge things without credit cards. Many businesses ran on trust. Because the community was so tight-knit, she was sheltered. Story of first time she saw a gay guy. She told of all the locations that Mert's job placed him. His death was in Spokane where he worked at the Cresent. The first car they owned was a Plymouth. When the Leonard family moved to Seattle, they borrowed a neighbors car. They had a set schedule for meals and she would go buy the groceries. She considers Pullman the happiest time in her life and has no regrets with her many fond memories. She would like to be a women of the 90's because of the freedom they have today. She would like to have a career other than being a house wife. While her kids were at school she would cook and clean the house they were renting at the time. She had friends although she was not to associate with the store personnel because of the hierarchy. Sometimes she would go to the Elks club and play cards with her friends, although she would be back in time for her kids when they got home from school. She considered herself to have a stable life. She keeps in touch with about three friends. She sometimes sees her old friends in the obituaries. There was a definite distinction between the roles of women as opposed to the roles of men. At dances, girls danced with each other and visa versa. Side II 64-66 66-68 68-68 1/2 68 1/2-70 70-70 1/2 70 1/2-80 1/2 80 1/2-83 83-84 84-85 Stories of children (Ron and Ken) growing up. Audrey was involved in the PTA, church and she was a den mother as well. The young boys weren't necessarily expected to go to college although they both went. Stories of how Ron and Ken met their wives. Ron was 24 and ken was 23. She reminisced of how the first time she met Judy (Ron's wife) at a dinner. She was allergic to Audrey's potato salad. If anything could be different in her life she says she wouldn't liked to have moved so much for the kids sake. Today, she has six grandchildren and an extensive family of 140 people. She just went to a reunion involving 82 people. All her siblings are alive today except two brothers that were taken by cancer. At that time, they were unaware of what cancer was. Growing up Audrey said people most likely died from turboculosis or old age. She was in Seattle when WWII began . She recalls rationing grease to make soap along with food and coffee. She describes her feelings on the modern technology. Buck Rogers seemed so futuristic when she used to watch it. She remembers when Lindberg flew his airplane. She says it's all hard to marvel. She liked FOR as president. She didn't realize how prominent the civil rights fight was because she was sheltered. Back when she lived in Pullman, she worked for 50¢ polishing silver for a professor. When he asked her to light a fir in the fire place, her dad yelled at the man after he found out. She has never had any hired help in her household, as a kid or as an adult. She enjoys cleaning due to the chores and duties she was responsible for growing up. 85-86 86-88 88-91 Although TV's were rarely watched, she would watch the Ed Sullivan show on Sunday nights. Their first TV was bought in 1951 or 52. Overall, she is happy with the course her life has taken although she would have liked to have a career. If she were to choose a career she still doesn't know what it would be. Because of her home town pride she would definitely attend WSU. Today she lives as a widow in Spokane, Wa and is extremely involved in her church. She still loves to cook and clean as well.
Object Description
Rating | |
Title | Leonard, Audrey Oral History Interview, 1994 |
Interviewer | Cooper, Ashley |
Date | 1994-03-04 |
Description | 72 minute oral history with Audrey Leonard, conducted for a Women in the West (HST 398) course at Washington State University. She describes her early childhood and moving from Opportunity to Spokane and then to Pullman. She explains that her father was initially a strawberry farmer, but performed many jobs to support his nine children. She describes her young adult years in Pullman, the closeness of the community and campus, and the sense of freedom from drugs or violence. She married her husband at nineteen and went to Seattle, but moved around because of her husband's career; eventually, they settled in Spokane. She describes her life as a housewife and the everyday expectations of her family. Since the death of her husband, Audrey remains active in the Spokane community and remains in contact with her surviving brothers and sisters. |
Subject | Women domestics; Farm life; Housewives; Travel |
Coverage | North and Central America--United States--Montana--Deer Lodge County--Opportunity; North and Central America--United States--Washington (State)--Whitman County--Pullman; North and Central America--United States--Washington (State)--Spokane County--Spokane |
Type | Sound |
Genre | Interviews |
Publisher | Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University Libraries: https://libraries.wsu.edu/masc |
Rights | http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
Rights Notes | In copyright. Item is in copyright until 95 years after 2011 publication date. |
Identifier | ua220b11f79-80 |
Source | Is found in Archives 220, Women in the West Oral Histories https://libraries.wsu.edu/masc/finders/ua220.htm at Washington State University Libraries' Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections (MASC) https://libraries.wsu.edu/masc |
Holding Institution | Manuscripts, Archives, and Special Collections, Washington State University Libraries |
Contributors | Digitization and description funded through a National Endowment for the Humanities We the People grant for Washington Womens History to the Washington Womens History Consortium, a part of the Washington State Historical Society. |
Language | English |
Digitization | Original audio cassettes were converted to wav files using Audacity and a USBPre interface. Mp3 files were then created from the wav files for online access. Film clips were created as mpeg-4 files using Adobe Premiere Elements 9 to add selected images to the wav audio files, and then converted to flv files for online display. Print documents were scanned to 300dpi pdf format using a Xerox Workcentre 5030 copier/scanner. |
Description
Title | ua220b11f79_Abstract |
Full Text | Audrey Leonard Interview by Ashley B. Cooper Side I 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-5 5-7 1 /2 7 1/2-8 1/2 8 1 /2- 9 9-10 1/2 10 1/2- 12 12-13 Audrey states her name, date and location of her birth. She talks about her first move because the locust ate their strawberries. Her parents met in Fargo, N. Dakota while her mother worked at a dime store. Owning two homesteads, the family stayed in Fargo for quite a while. She states she has three brothers born in Fargo, three in Montana then the family moved to Opportunity, Washington and lived in a one bedroom shack. Being a carpenter, her father also raised chickens and strawberries. She told the story of how her father would go to Spokane to sell his goods. With nine children, her would have to take turns driving the kids. At the Carpenters Union, her contests for having the most he could hammer a fast nail. was poor but so was everyone stock market crash. dad would win kids and because Her family due to the Moved to Spokane. Dad sold vegetables for a profit. She left Montana and after Grant to Pullman, wa. rented them for when she was 2 years old Grade school, she moved Dad owned apartments and cheap to college students. Her mom was a great seamstress, therefore she had nice clothes. She attended school mostly with professor's and farmers kids. She dated a college guy who she met through local dances. He went to prom with her. After the dances she would get a coke for 10¢. Due to the minimal amount of cars, they would walk everywhere. Her family had a washer machine. Saturday 13-14 14-14 3/4 14 3/4-15 1/2 15 1/2-16 in 16-17 1/2 17 1/2-18 18-20 20-21 1/2 21 1/2-26 nights they would all take baths and they showed at school after gym class. She married a Moscow man. She tells the story of how she met him hitchhiking. After they began to date, they enjoyed roller skating. There was no danger of hitchhiking back then. Her parents were lenient although she did have a cerfew. Most of the kids she graduated with in high school went into the family farming business, although some went to college. She got married right after high school Spokane. She had a nice wedding in Spokane and the marriage license was $2.00 at that time. She told of her husbands parents occupations. She speaks of her family and what they did. From oldest to youngest she told their nicknames. The eldest boy "had the brains" and the rest married young. She went to church in the Spokane Valley with her brothers and sisters. Her mom was a hard worker. When she returned from church her mother would have killed two chickens for dinner. Audrey's grandmother was second in waiting to be the gueen's seamstress in England. She never saw her mother or father kill any animals. They were quite protective. Archy Campbell was the town policeman and her controlled the campus and the town. He was respected and therefore there was minimal, if any, drug or alcohol abuse. Her cerfew was 12;00 on week nights and 8:00 on week nights. She speaks of her high school teachers and principal. Joy Bell, her English teacher taught her many valuable things. At that time Pullman high school was rated third highest in the country. Told anecdote of how she was caught skipping school but because she knew the principal she was not suspended. The town was based on trust. At lunch, the kids all went home because 26-27 27-28 28-29 1/2 29 1/2-31 31-32 32-32 1/2 32 1/2-33 33-34 34-35 35-36 1/2 36 1/2-38 1/2 there was no cafeteria. The only peer pressure was for smoking cigarettes and she still smokes today. For work she babysat for cheap. After she finished, she would walk home at night even if it was at 1;00 in the morning. After they were married her and her husband Mert went to work for Montgomary Ward. She never worked because Mert wanted her to stay home with the kids. She had 2 kids after she married at age 18. She married not only because she loved Mert but for security as well. Few women worked and they couldn't work if they were pregnant. Ron, the oldest child born to Audrey, began first grade in Coeur de Alene. Other places the Leonard family lived included Kalispel, Missoula and San Diego. Audrey was 50 at her fathers death and 52 at her mothers. She still has a neice in Pullman. The location of her brother and sister today. They are still close today. Her family celebrated all holidays. Her mother loved the family to be all together. She told the story of how her mom and brother dressed up as Santa at Christmas. There was only one family that was other than white in Pullman. They were shipped to concentration camps during WWII because they were Japanese. It was quite conservative as it is today. On Saturday's her dad would take the kids to a movie where each kid would get to bring a neighbor. After the show they would go get a soda for 5¢. She told of the responsibilities held within the home. The girls helped with domestic activities and the boys helped with the work outside. Both parents delivered the discipline. Her last spanking was when 38 1/2-39 39-39 1/2 39 1/2-40 40-41 41-43 43-43 1/2 43 1/2-45 1/2 45 1/2-47 47-47 1/2 47 1/2-48 48-50 50-51 1/2 she sassed her morn. Her oldest brother was quite protective although he liked her husband-to-be. Mert helped her father with work too. Her husband Mert was a high school rivalry as far as sports were concerned. She played basketball for the first two years although she was still considered feminine. Her parents didn't want her to get married at such an early age. Her parents married when they were both 26. Most people were getting married at a young age. Her parents accepted it because Mert made more money than her father. The apartments they once owned are still here although the rent is tremendous. She told the location and who in her family runs them. She spoke of her parents work. Her morn considered cleaning her job. Her daily routine in high school was school, then would come horne and do chores and help morn with dinner. After dinner, her family listened to the radio before bed. Family was important to her mother and father. Although there was minimal sex education in the school system, the girls who slept around were perceived negatively. Most women saved themselves for marriage. She told story of one girl in her high school. She played no musical instruments in high school. Her mother played the piano and sang church hyrnes. She only wore dresses, nice dresses. If women weren't married they were considered old maids. Few, if any women had occupations. The men were expected to be married and have careers. If women did have careers they were either typists, beauticians or typists. Dad made Audrey a parlor. 51 1/2-53 1/2 53 1/2- 55 55-56 56-57 57-58 58-60 60-60 1/2 60 1/2-61 61-63 1/2 63 1/2-64 End Of Side I The Pullman community was small and tight knit. The merchants allowed her father to charge things without credit cards. Many businesses ran on trust. Because the community was so tight-knit, she was sheltered. Story of first time she saw a gay guy. She told of all the locations that Mert's job placed him. His death was in Spokane where he worked at the Cresent. The first car they owned was a Plymouth. When the Leonard family moved to Seattle, they borrowed a neighbors car. They had a set schedule for meals and she would go buy the groceries. She considers Pullman the happiest time in her life and has no regrets with her many fond memories. She would like to be a women of the 90's because of the freedom they have today. She would like to have a career other than being a house wife. While her kids were at school she would cook and clean the house they were renting at the time. She had friends although she was not to associate with the store personnel because of the hierarchy. Sometimes she would go to the Elks club and play cards with her friends, although she would be back in time for her kids when they got home from school. She considered herself to have a stable life. She keeps in touch with about three friends. She sometimes sees her old friends in the obituaries. There was a definite distinction between the roles of women as opposed to the roles of men. At dances, girls danced with each other and visa versa. Side II 64-66 66-68 68-68 1/2 68 1/2-70 70-70 1/2 70 1/2-80 1/2 80 1/2-83 83-84 84-85 Stories of children (Ron and Ken) growing up. Audrey was involved in the PTA, church and she was a den mother as well. The young boys weren't necessarily expected to go to college although they both went. Stories of how Ron and Ken met their wives. Ron was 24 and ken was 23. She reminisced of how the first time she met Judy (Ron's wife) at a dinner. She was allergic to Audrey's potato salad. If anything could be different in her life she says she wouldn't liked to have moved so much for the kids sake. Today, she has six grandchildren and an extensive family of 140 people. She just went to a reunion involving 82 people. All her siblings are alive today except two brothers that were taken by cancer. At that time, they were unaware of what cancer was. Growing up Audrey said people most likely died from turboculosis or old age. She was in Seattle when WWII began . She recalls rationing grease to make soap along with food and coffee. She describes her feelings on the modern technology. Buck Rogers seemed so futuristic when she used to watch it. She remembers when Lindberg flew his airplane. She says it's all hard to marvel. She liked FOR as president. She didn't realize how prominent the civil rights fight was because she was sheltered. Back when she lived in Pullman, she worked for 50¢ polishing silver for a professor. When he asked her to light a fir in the fire place, her dad yelled at the man after he found out. She has never had any hired help in her household, as a kid or as an adult. She enjoys cleaning due to the chores and duties she was responsible for growing up. 85-86 86-88 88-91 Although TV's were rarely watched, she would watch the Ed Sullivan show on Sunday nights. Their first TV was bought in 1951 or 52. Overall, she is happy with the course her life has taken although she would have liked to have a career. If she were to choose a career she still doesn't know what it would be. Because of her home town pride she would definitely attend WSU. Today she lives as a widow in Spokane, Wa and is extremely involved in her church. She still loves to cook and clean as well. |
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